In a large bowl add cottage cheese, egg, sugar, vanilla sugar, and salt. Mix everything together until well combined.
Add flour and mix again until the dough comes together.
Using a spoon, take portions of the cottage cheese mixture and roll in flour, coating well and shaping into small round patties. Shake off excess flour and place on a cutting board dusted with flour.
Heat vegetable oil in a frying pan over medium heat. Place the syrniki in the heated oil.
Fry the syrniki on moderate heat until golden brown on both sides, about 3-4 minutes per side.
Remove syrniki to paper towels to absorb excess oil.
Serve hot, dusted with powdered sugar and accompanied by sour cream.